Haiku definition: understanding the rules of the traditional japanese poem
The haiku, a traditional Japanese poetic form, originated in the 17th century and was popularized by Matsuo Bashō, a master of the genre. Defined by its strict structure, a haiku consists of three lines with a 5-7-5 syllable pattern, totaling 17 syllables. This brevity is designed to capture a fleeting moment, often evoking nature or seasonal themes, a concept known as kigo. The form evolved from hokku, the opening stanza of collaborative linked-verse poetry called renga. Haiku gained international recognition in the 20th century, influencing poets like Ezra Pound and Jack Kerouac, who adapted its principles to Western literature.
Traditional haiku adhere to additional rules beyond syllable count. They must include a kireji (cutting word), which creates a pause or juxtaposition, often emphasizing contrast or surprise. The inclusion of kigo ensures a connection to the natural world, rooted in Japan’s cultural reverence for seasons. Modern haiku, while sometimes deviating from these rules, maintain the focus on simplicity and immediacy. Organizations such as the Haiku Society of America and the Haiku International Association continue to promote the form globally, preserving its historical and cultural significance.
Key Questions About Haiku Structure and Rules
- What is the syllable structure of a traditional haiku? A traditional haiku follows a 5-7-5 syllable pattern, totaling 17 syllables across three lines.
- What is the significance of kigo in haiku? Kigo refers to a seasonal word or phrase that anchors the poem in a specific time of year, reflecting the natural world.
- How does kireji function in haiku? Kireji acts as a cutting word, creating a pause or juxtaposition that enhances the poem’s depth and contrast.
